Information Technology Specialist (ITS) Cybersecurity Practice Exam

How can a company safeguard a device from unauthorized access and malware that may bypass its firewall?

1. Install antivirus software

2. Use a host-based firewall

3. Employ data encryption

4. Update the operating system

The correct answer is: Use a host-based firewall

Using a host-based firewall effectively safeguards a device from unauthorized access and potential malware threats that could evade the network firewall. A host-based firewall is a software application installed on an individual device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. This additional layer of defense helps to protect the device directly from attacks that may bypass the external firewall, as it enables more granular control over the traffic specific to that device. While measures such as installing antivirus software, employing data encryption, and updating the operating system are all important aspects of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy, they serve different purposes. Antivirus software is designed to detect and remove malware, but it may not fully protect against all forms of unauthorized access. Data encryption protects sensitive information but does not prevent unauthorized access to the device itself. Regular updates to the operating system are crucial for patching vulnerabilities, but if a device is already compromised, these updates alone will not necessarily prevent ongoing unauthorized access or malware infection. In summary, a host-based firewall directly minimizes the risk of unauthorized access and enhances overall security at the individual device level, making it an essential component for safeguarding devices against threats that may bypass external defenses.